Glycolipids, commonly known as rhamnolipids, are anionic bio-surfactants produced by microorganisms such as Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species. They are naturally present in soil, water, and plants. Rhamnolipids are among the most extensively researched and technically mature bio-surfactants. They are a mixture of mono- and di-rhamnolipids, which are sugar lipids with a complex structure consisting of rhamnose sugar units and lipid tails. Rhamnolipids have a significant advantage in reducing surface tension and interfacial tension, and they exhibit excellent stability across a wide temperature range of 30 to 100 °C, a pH range of 4–12, and a salinity range of 0 to 9% w/v NaCl.

Properties：
Excellent Surface Activity: Rhamnolipids have lower surface and interfacial tension than synthetic surfactants due to their larger and more complex chemical structure. This makes them more effective in reducing air-water and oil-water interfacial tension. They exhibit good wetting, emulsifying, and foaming properties and can be used as wetting agents, emulsifiers, and foaming agents.

High Stability: Rhamnolipids maintain surface activity at 90 °C and remain und precipitated in 10% salt solutions. They are non-toxic and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly.

Versatile Applications: Rhamnolipids are used in various industries. In cosmetics, they are used as emulsifiers, foaming agents, and moisturizers. In food

processing, they are used as food additives and emulsifiers. In agriculture, they are used as bio-pesticides and soil conditioners. In environmental engineering, they are used for soil remediation and oil spill cleaning. In the medical field, they are used as drug carriers and anti-microbial agents.

Safety and Environmental Friendliness: Rhamnolipids are non-toxic, biodegradable, and pose no threat to the environment. They have low toxicity and are safe for use in various applications.